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<h2> Array Types </h2>


<div class="table-responsive">
{| class="wikitable" style="border: 2px solid #c3d7e0"
! style="background-color: #c3d7e0"| Type !!style="background-color: #c3d7e0"| Description
|-
|Array|| A list of a specific data type with a fixed or dynamic length. For detailed information, please refer to the [[Arrays]] page.
|-
|TclArray|| A list of a specific data type with a fixed or dynamic length. For detailed information, please refer to the [[TclArray]] page.
|}
</div>


<h2> Constants </h2>


Use of constants makes a program more readable and helps to keep special quantities at one place in the beginning of the program. TRObject allows numerical, logical, string and character constants. Constants can be declared in the declaration part of the program by specifying the const declaration.<br>


Syntax of constant type declaration is follows:<br>


 
<div class="alert alert-secondary" role="alert" data-bs-theme="light">
 
<b>const</b><br>
 
&nbsp;&nbsp;Identifier = contant_value;
 
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{| class="wikitable"
 
! Sr.No !! Type & Description
|-
| 1 || '''Character'''<br>Typically a single octet (one byte). This is an integer type.
|-
| 2 || '''Integer'''<br> The most natural size of integer for the machine.
|-
| 3 || '''Real'''<br> A single-precision floating point value.
|-
| 4 || '''Boolean'''<br> Specifies true or false logical values. This is also an integer type.
|-
| 5 || '''Enumerated'''<br> Specifies a user-defined list.
|-
| 6 || '''Subrange'''<br> Represents variables, whose values lie within a range.
|-
| 7 || '''String'''<br> Stores an array of characters.
|}

Revision as of 10:54, 3 October 2024

The data types of an entity specify its associated meaning, constraints, possible values, operations, functions, and storage mode.

A variable is nothing but a name given to a storage area that our programs can manipulate. Each variable in TRObject has a specific type, which determines the size and layout of the variable's memory; the range of values that can be stored within that memory; and the set of operations that can be applied to the variable.

A type declaration is used to declare the data type of an identifier. The syntax of a type declaration is as follows:

Integer Types

Type Description
Byte Values range from 0 to 255.
ShortInt Values range from -128 to 127.
SmallInt Values range from -32,768 to 32,767.
Integer Values range from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647.
LongInt Has the same range as Integer.
Int64 Values range from -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807.
Cardinal Values range from 0 to 4,294,967,295.
LongWord Values range from 0 to 4,294,967,295.
UInt64 Values range from 0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615.

Example
TRObject Syntax

var
  age: Byte;
  temperature: ShortInt;
  year: SmallInt;
  population: Integer;
  distance: Int64;
  fileSize: Cardinal;
  largeNumber: UInt64;
  balance: LongInt;
  memorySize: LongWord;
{
  age = 25;
  temperature = -15;
  year = 1990;
  population = 1500000;
  distance = 10000000000;
  fileSize = 4000000;
  largeNumber = 1200000000000000000;
  balance = -5000000;
  memorySize = 3000000000;
  
  ShowMessage(age);
  ShowMessage(temperature);
  ShowMessage(year);
  ShowMessage(population);
  ShowMessage(distance);
  ShowMessage(fileSize);
  ShowMessage(largeNumber);
  ShowMessage(balance);
  ShowMessage(memorySize);
}

Base Syntax

var
  age: Byte;
  temperature: ShortInt;
  year: SmallInt;
  population: Integer;
  distance: Int64;
  fileSize: Cardinal;
  largeNumber: UInt64;
  balance: LongInt;
  memorySize: LongWord;
begin
  age := 25;
  temperature := -15;
  year := 1990;
  population := 1500000;
  distance := 10000000000;
  fileSize := 4000000;
  largeNumber := 1200000000000000000;
  balance := -5000000;
  memorySize := 3000000000;
  
  ShowMessage(age);
  ShowMessage(temperature);
  ShowMessage(year);
  ShowMessage(population);
  ShowMessage(distance);
  ShowMessage(fileSize);
  ShowMessage(largeNumber);
  ShowMessage(balance);
  ShowMessage(memorySize);
end;

Floating-point Types

Type Description
Single Single precision, approximately 7-digit floating-point number.
Double Double precision, approximately 15-digit floating-point number.
Extended High precision, approximately 19-20 digit floating-point number.
Currency Fixed precision (4 decimal places), suitable for financial calculations.
Real Typically used interchangeably with Double.

Example
TRObject Syntax

var
  s: Single;
  d: Double;
  e: Extended;
  c: Currency;
  r: Real;
{
  // Değişkenlere değer atayalım
  s = 1234.5678;
  d = 123456789.1234567;
  e = 1234567890123456789.123456789;
  c = 123456.7890;
  r = 987654321.1234567;

  // Sonuçları ekrana yazdıralım
  ShowMessage(s);
  ShowMessage(d);
  ShowMessage(e);
  ShowMessage(c);
  ShowMessage(r);
}

Base Syntax

var
  s: Single;
  d: Double;
  e: Extended;
  c: Currency;
  r: Real;
begin
  // Değişkenlere değer atayalım
  s := 1234.5678;
  d := 123456789.1234567;
  e := 1234567890123456789.123456789;
  c := 123456.7890;
  r := 987654321.1234567;

  // Sonuçları ekrana yazdıralım
  ShowMessage(s);
  ShowMessage(d);
  ShowMessage(e);
  ShowMessage(c);
  ShowMessage(r);
end;

Character and String Types

Type Description
Char A single character (ANSI).
WideChar A single wide character (Unicode).
String A variable-length ANSI character string.
ShortString A fixed-length ANSI character string up to 255 characters.
AnsiString ANSI character string.
WideString Unicode character string.
UnicodeString Unicode character string, Delphi's default string type.

Example
TRObject Syntax

var
  c: Char;    
  wideC: WideChar;
  s: String;    
  shortS: ShortString;  
  ansiS: AnsiString; 
  wideS: WideString;
  unicodeS: UnicodeString;

{
  c = 'A';    
  wideC = '𐍈';
  s = 'TRObject programming language'; 
  shortS = 'Hello!'; 
  ansiS = 'İstanbul';  
  wideS = 'Extended text with Unicode support: ö, ü, ş';  
  unicodeS = 'Unicode, the default string type; Turkish characters: ç, ğ, İ';


  ShowMessage('Char: '+ c);
  ShowMessage('WideChar: '+ wideC);
  ShowMessage('String: '+ s);
  ShowMessage('ShortString: '+ shortS);
  ShowMessage('AnsiString: '+ ansiS);
  ShowMessage('WideString: '+ wideS);
  ShowMessage('UnicodeString: '+ unicodeS);
}

Base Syntax

var
  c: Char;    
  wideC: WideChar;
  s: String;    
  shortS: ShortString;  
  ansiS: AnsiString; 
  wideS: WideString;
  unicodeS: UnicodeString;

begin
  c := 'A';    
  wideC := '𐍈';
  s := 'TRObject programming language'; 
  shortS := 'Hello!'; 
  ansiS := 'İstanbul';  
  wideS := 'Extended text with Unicode support: ö, ü, ş';  
  unicodeS := 'Unicode, the default string type; Turkish characters: ç, ğ, İ';


  ShowMessage('Char: '+ c);
  ShowMessage('WideChar: '+ wideC);
  ShowMessage('String: '+ s);
  ShowMessage('ShortString: '+ shortS);
  ShowMessage('AnsiString: '+ ansiS);
  ShowMessage('WideString: '+ wideS);
  ShowMessage('UnicodeString: '+ unicodeS);
end;

Boolean Types

Specifies true or false logical values. This is also an integer type.

Type Description
Boolean Can take the values True or False.

Example
TRObject Syntax

var
  b: Boolean; 

{
  b = True;      
  ShowMessage(b);
}

Base Syntax

var
  b: Boolean; 

begin
  b := True;      
  ShowMessage(b);
end;

Date and Time Types

Type Description
TclDateTime Stores dates and times, represented as days and fractions of days.

Example
TRObject Syntax

var
  currentDateTime: TclDateTime;  // TDateTime türünde bir değişken
  specificDateTime: TclDateTime;  // Belirli bir tarih ve saat için değişken

{
  currentDateTime = Now;
  specificDateTime = EncodeDate(2024, 1, 1) + EncodeTime(15, 30, 0, 0);

  ShowMessage('Current Date and Time: '+ DateTimeToStr(currentDateTime));
  ShowMessage('Specific Date and Time: '+ DateTimeToStr(specificDateTime));
}

Base Syntax

var
  currentDateTime: TclDateTime;  // TDateTime türünde bir değişken
  specificDateTime: TclDateTime;  // Belirli bir tarih ve saat için değişken

begin
  currentDateTime := Now;
  specificDateTime := EncodeDate(2024, 1, 1) + EncodeTime(15, 30, 0, 0);

  ShowMessage('Current Date and Time: '+ DateTimeToStr(currentDateTime));
  ShowMessage('Specific Date and Time: '+ DateTimeToStr(specificDateTime));
end;

Variant Type

Type Description
Variant An flexible data type that can store values of different types, such as integers, floating-point numbers, strings, and booleans.

Example
TRObject Syntax

var
  v: Variant;

{
  v = 42;    
  ShowMessage(v);

  v = 'Hello, World!'; 
  ShowMessage(v);
}

Base Syntax

var
  v: Variant;

begin
  v := 42;    
  ShowMessage(v);

  v := 'Hello, World!'; 
  ShowMessage(v);
end;

Array Types

Type Description
Array A list of a specific data type with a fixed or dynamic length. For detailed information, please refer to the Arrays page.
TclArray A list of a specific data type with a fixed or dynamic length. For detailed information, please refer to the TclArray page.

Constants

Use of constants makes a program more readable and helps to keep special quantities at one place in the beginning of the program. TRObject allows numerical, logical, string and character constants. Constants can be declared in the declaration part of the program by specifying the const declaration.

Syntax of constant type declaration is follows:

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